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Kidney Dysplasia

Definition of Renal Dysplasia

Kidney dysplasia is a congenital malformation of the kidney. The disturbed metanephric development leads to primitive or immature glomeruli and tubuli. Renal dysplasia and hypoplasia often coincide. The risk for renal failure depends on the severity of (bilateral) kidney dysplasia. Kidney dysplasia can be categorized depending on the comorbidities and etiology:

• Renal dysplasia: segmental, unilateral, or bilateral
• Renal dysplasia with a normal ureteral orifice (with or without obstruction)
• Renal dysplasia with an abnormal ureteral orifice (lateral or caudal ectopia)
• Renal dysplasia with urethral (subvesical) obstruction
• Renal dysplasia in Prune-belly syndrome

Etiology of Kidney Dysplasia

• impaired ureteric budding
• fetal or postpartal obstruction of the urinary tract

Pathology of Renal Dysplasia

Pathologic signs of renal dysplasia are primitive tubules lined by epithelium and surrounded by concentric rings of smooth muscle cells and connective tissue. Often, cartilage is found in the specimen of kidney dysplasia.

References

P. M. Cuckow, M. D. Dinneen, R. A. Risdon, P. G. Ransley, and P. G. Duffy, “Long-term renal function in the posterior urethral valves, unilateral reflux and renal dysplasia syndrome,” J. Urol. vol. 158, no. 3 Pt 2, pp. 1004–7, 1997.

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