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Pharmacology of Drugs in Urology
Medical Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
- 5alpha-reductase inhibitors
- Alpha blocker:
- See also section medical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia
Analgetics
- General principles of analgetics and pain perception
- General principles of Opioids
- Chronic pain
- Diclofenac
- Ibuprofen
- Metamizol
- Morphine
- Piritramid
Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a treatment option for advanced prostate cancer, please see section androgen deprivation therapy for details.
- Classic androgen receptor antagonists: nonsteroidal drugs are bicalutamide and flutamide. Cyproterone acetate is a classic steroidal antiandrogen with progestational effect, which causes additional central inhibition of the testosterone concentration.
- GnRH agonists: Buserelin, Goserelin, Histrelin, Leuprorelin and Triptorelin
- GnRH antagonists: degarelix and abarelix
- Estrogens: Fosfestrol
- Androgen synthesis inhibitors: Abiraterone.
- Modern androgen receptor antagonists: Enzalutamide, Apalutamide, Darolutamide.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics play a critical role in urology; they are essential for treating bacterial infections of the genitourinary tract. Antibiotics are used prophylactically in surgical urology to prevent postoperative infections and complications. The judicious use of antibiotics is essential to maintaining efficacy, limiting resistance, and ensuring optimal patient outcomes.
- β-lactam antibiotics
- Aminoglycosides:
- Tetracyclines
- Fluoroquinolones:
- Macrolide antibiotics
- Other antibiotics:
- Cotrimoxazole
- Fosfomycin
- Metronidazole
- Nitrofurantoin
- Nitroxolin
- Anticholinergics: general pharmacology
- Anticholinergics: trospium chloride
- Anticholinergics: oxybutynin
- Anticholinergics: tolterodine
- Anticholinergics: fesoterodine
- Anticholinergics: propiverine
- Anticholinergics: darifenacin
- Anticholinergics: solifenacin
- Anticholinergics: butylscopolamine
- Bleomycin
- Cabazitaxel
- Carboplatin
- Cisplatin
- Docetaxel
- Estramustin
- Etoposid
- Gemcitabin
- Mitomycin C
- Vinflunin
- PEB regimen
- PEI regimen
- MVAC regimen
- Cisplatin-Gemcitabin regimen
- Axitinib
- Bevacizumab
- Everolimus
- Pazopanib
- PARP Inhibitors
- Olaparib
- Niraparib
- Talazoparib
- Sorafenib
- Sunitinib
- Temsirolimus
- Contrast medium for radiology
- Alkali citrates
- Methionin
- Tuberculostatic drugs
- Duloxetine
- Dapoxetine
- Desmopressin
Anticholinergics
Chemotherapy of Urologic Tumors
Chemotherapy Regimens in Urology
Targeted Tumor Therapy
Targeted tumor therapy uses drugs against specific metabolic processes in tumor tissue that are of minimal importance in healthy cells. Monoclonal antibodies (suffix "mab") or low-molecular compounds (suffix "mib" or "nib") are used. Targeted drug-based tumor therapy is better tolerated than conventional chemotherapy and can be prescribed for years.
Cancer Immunotherapy
Tumour cells are recognized by the immune system as altered body cells and are eliminated. However, tumors have developed various strategies to evade the immune system. Several mechanisms can be used to stimulate the body's immune system to attack tumor cells again.
Vaccinations:
Examples of specific immunization in urology include vaccination against HPV for the prophylaxis of cervical and penile carcinoma or experimental immunotherapy of prostate carcinoma with Sipuleucel-T (vaccination with activated autologous dendritic cells).
Immune Checkpoints:
Immune checkpoints are molecular biological "brakes" on the immune system. Tumors can influence immune checkpoints through the expression of proteins and thus evade elimination. Important immune checkpoints in urology are the programmed cell death-1 receptor and its ligand PD-L1 or the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen (CTLA)-4 receptor. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) are mainly used to treat advanced bladder cancer and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Non-specific Activation:
Examples include intravesical immunotherapy of bladder cancer with BCG or parenteral administration of e.g. interferon-alpha and interleukin-2 for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Contrast Medium
Local Anesthetics
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Substances with Influence on the Acid-Base Balance
Miscellaneous Drugs
| Surgical management | Index | Kidneys |
Index: 1–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Deutsche Version: Medikamente in der Urologie
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