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Urethral Caruncle: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
Definition
A urethral caruncle is a mucosal hyperplasia and prolapse of the female urethra, usually at 6 o'clock, with irritative symptoms. A circular urethral caruncle is also known as urethral prolapse.
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Etiology of Urethral Caruncle
Urethral caruncles are most commonly found in postmenopausal women. Additional risk factors are pelvic floor dysfunction and micturition with subvesical obstruction (abdominal straining).
Signs and Symptoms
A urethral caruncle is a pedunculated hemorrhagic mucosal tumor, usually at 6 o'clock. Furthermore, irritative voiding symptoms, bleeding, or local pain may be present.
Treatment of Urethral Caruncles
Conservative treatment includes warm sitz baths, topical (vaginal) estrogen therapy, and topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Verma et al., 2020). If surgery is necessary, the clamping of the caruncle allows easy handling. A circular incision of the mucosa is done at the base of the caruncle. The basis of the caruncle is ligated, and the caruncle is resected. The mucosa is adapted with 4-0 sutures.
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| Non-gonococcal urethritis | Index | Urethral diseases |
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References
Park und Cho 2004 PARK, D. S. ; CHO, T. W.:
Simple solution for urethral caruncle.
In: J Urol
172 (2004), Nr. 5 Pt 1, S. 1884–5
V. Verma and A. Pradhan, “Management of urethral caruncle - A systematic review of the current literature.,” Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol., vol. 248, pp. 5–8, 2020.
Deutsche Version: Harnröhrenkarunkel